Subsequently, once the pandemic has passed its peak and movement controls are lifted, stage two measures need to kick in immediately. Stage two measures can complement stage one measures by adding in an expansionary component with the primary aim of helping the businesses and individuals bounce back.
Economic policy should now shift gears to focus on boosting the economy via proactive fiscal stimulus. In general, past experience suggests that successful fiscal stimulus should consist of a multi-pronged approach in one single package, from the immediate-term to the longer-term. For the immediate-term, a simple one-time cash injection to every Malaysian, structured as a fully-refundable lump-sum tax rebate would put money in the hands of the rakyat almost immediately, rapidly kickstarting aggregate demand.
Research suggests that such cash injections work much quicker in getting money into the real economy compared to things like corporate tax cuts. For the medium-and-longer-term, periods of crises present good opportunities to increase productivity-improving expenditure and invest in deepening social safety nets.
Increasing infrastructure spending, especially in lagging regions as proposed in the February stimulus package can have long-term effects on productivity and economic growth. Similarly, continuing to deepen social safety net and strengthen automatic stabilizers like the EIS will both incentivise human capital accumulation and ensure both the Malaysian economy and Malaysian workers are better prepared for future crises.
Certainly, none of this will be easy. For starters, it will be costly. Government budget deficit targets will need to be overshot. Difficult decisions will need to be made later on how to boost tax revenues—though as Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman observe, with progressive income and wealth taxes these costs need not be borne by the middle or lower classes.
Additionally, intense amounts of political determination will be required. As mentioned above, some policy responses may require the circumvention or amendment of certain laws via a special or emergency parliamentary session see: restrictions on government borrowing to fund operational expenditures, and restrictions via the Employment Insurance System Act. Lastly, there will be huge financial pressures on the banking sector, demanding action from our monetary policymakers.
Besides, even with comprehensive and valiant efforts at cushioning the blow to the rakyat and businesses, some amount of job losses and business closures will be unavoidable. Yet, the economic, social and political cost of inaction—or even insufficient action—is far greater and far more frightening. Surely, this is no time to be timid. In light of the emerging risks, it is clear that the fiscal policy needs to go further beyond the February stimulus package in safeguarding the livelihoods of the rakyat.
After all, the current COVID crisis will eventually be conquered through vigorous public health efforts, but without a sufficiently large and forceful fiscal response, the economic scars it leaves behind will be viciously long-lasting. Meena is a researcher at the Foreign Policy and Security Studies programme. Her research interests include political psychology, comparative regionalism, South Asian, Southeast Asian and European studies and domestic affairs, such as social welfare and gender-responsive policymaking.
Meena is now a doctoral candidate at UM, focused on non-Western international relations. Tashny is a senior analyst at the Foreign Policy and Security Studies programme. Her research interests include domestic politics, labour migration, gender parity and equality, and the regional role and position of international human rights mechanisms.
She is the founder of Malaysia, a tool to connect policymakers, journalists and members of the public with female experts in, on or from Malaysia.
Sangetha is passionate about levelling the playing field for women and lifting the gender and race barriers in Malaysian politics. She founded Lead Up Malaysia, a social enterprise with the objective of upskilling and motivating B40 women and girls. She is the vice-chief of PKR Wanita. Salazar brings an extensive professional experience in government and international organisations.
Her career continued as a law professor at Rey Juan Carlos University. Salazar has directed numerous development projects on capacity building, gender policies, governance, and economic empowerment of women. At present, Salazar is the general coordinator of the Spanish cooperation in Egypt, focusing on access to justice and the democratic transition of the country.
He was the former science adviser to the prime minister and director of the Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations University. In 12 books and more than articles and book chapters, he has addressed topics, such as drinking water, trade and environment conflicts, ownership engineering, and creating markets for ecosystem services.
Before entering academia, he worked in Paris in the environment directorate of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and in London, as the European environmental manager for Johnson Wax. Wong is a politician serving as the national youth chairman and Federal Territory state liaison committee at MCA. She is the first female MCA Youth chair in its year history. Wong joined MCA in In the same year, she ran in the Seputeh parliamentary seat in GE Wong sits as a board member and director of the Human Resources Development Corporation.
His area of academic specialisation is international political economy and he has a strong interest in education for sustainable development. He has participated in several international workshops and conferences on the subject as both speaker and discussant.
His current research interests are sustainability science, education for sustainable development and public policy analysis. Primary care physician , Klinik Rakyat PJ. Subatra is a doctor with experience in anaesthesia and intensive care. Her MA in International Development Studies focused on barriers to maternal and child healthcare access in migrant populations. Apurva is the lead economist for the Russian Federation, based in Moscow.
Tengku Qistina focuses on women and gender issues. She has written extensively on the subject in her New Straits Times column since Founder and executive director, Asian Trade Centre. Co-founder and education director , UNDI Qyira is the c o- f ounder and e ducation d irector of Undi18 , a grassroots movement spearheaded by a group of young people who lobbied successfully the g overnment to amend Article 1 of the c onstitution to reduce the minimum voting age in Malaysia from 21 to She was recently listed in Forbes 30 Under 30 for her work in s ocial i mpact.
With Undi18, she leads the voter education initiatives by creating workshop modules and content to ensure that by GE15, Malaysian youth are prepared to vote. In , she served as women, family and community development minister, and has also served as deputy agriculture and agro-based industry minister and deputy domestic trade, cooperatives and consumerism minister. As MP, she is known for her friendly personality in the Batang Lupar area. H is primary research interests include economic growth and development, international trade and social assistance.
Some of his recent work focused on the unequal labour market impacts of the Covid crisis in Malaysia and the economic responses to the pandemic. His work has appeared in international and domestic publications and he is regularly featured in various media outlets. She covers current affairs and is passionate about the environment and wildlife, women, children, youth empowerment and education.
Saraya reaches the youth through educational and entertainment content created on TikTok and Instagram, as she is a believer in youth power to push for change. As the former e xecutive d irector of Persatuan Kesedaran Komuniti Selangor Empower , she worked with marginalised communities , such as low-income women and indigenous communities.
A strong advocate for electoral and institutional reform s , she led the Bersih 4 and Bersih 5 rallies for free and fair elections. Just before Bersih 5 in , th e former Bersih 2. In , Maria won the Petaling Jaya seat. As an MP, she continues to advocate for a life of dignity for all Malaysians. Chief digital business officer, Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation. She oversees and steers the digital adoption ecosystem in e-commerce, business digital adoption, data ecosystem development and digital infrastructure.
Aiza also leads external innovation opportunities to expand commercial strategies and build corporate business and innovations for MDEC.
His research interests include international trade and development, digital economy and Asian regionalism. He advises governments, international organisations, and the private sector on development issues related to digitalisation and regional integration.
Kuriakose is a senior economist in the World Bank. She is currently based in the Malaysia Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Finance Hub, where she leads the work programme on private sector development, innovation and entrepreneurship.
Her expertise is in science, technology and innovation policy, skills development, business environment and competitiveness. She has led regional flagships publications in the Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and Pacific and Africa regions on innovation and entrepreneurship issues and multi-sectoral operations of both development policy and investment policy instruments. His primary research areas include policy responses to mis- and dis-information; the consequences of mis- and dis-information on democracy and society; and Southeast Asian and Malaysian politics, human rights, and democratisation.
B from the University of Liverpool. His research area includes governance of and sustainable development and global environmental governance. His other areas of research include institutions for sustainable development and sustainable consumption and production. Farlina graduated from the S. Before joining Telstra, she was director of cybercrime intelligence in the Australian Cyber Security Centre.
Leveraging on her deep understanding of cyber attacker motivations and capabilities, she helps senior executives apply a national security lens to their risk programmes and advises the government on maximising industry capabilities to keep the nation cyber safe.
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This was notable due to the fact that IS-KP and the Taliban have fought for control over this district since In , IS-KP killed over people in more than attacks. For example, in October of the U. Australian National Security, n. Despite his power, little is known about him. Among young jihadists, Baghdadi is respected as a highly organized and ruthless battlefield tactician.
However, U. In November , a media outlet linked to the Syrian military reported that Baghdadi may be holed up in Boukamal in eastern Syria. However, the exact location of Baghdadi remains unconfirmed. Muslim Dost — October : On July 1, , Muslim Dost became the first Afghan, as well as the first high-profile jihadist leader outside Iraq and Syria, to publically declare allegiance to IS.
During his year as a member of IS-KP, Dost served as a key commander and recruiter, using pamphlets and graffiti to spread pro-IS messages throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. According to Afghan president Ashraf Ghani, Abdul Haseeb was responsible for ordering the March 8, attack on a military hospital in Kabul.
Abdul Haseeb was killed in a combined raid by Afghan and U. Abu Saeed was reportedly killed less than three weeks after his appointment, on July 11, , in a U. He was killed a month after his appointment, on August 10, , in a U. Sayed was killed in a U. Roggio, Bill. IS-KP also brings in revenue from its criminal enterprises and receives additional funding from international sympathizers.
Specifically, the generous funding IS-KP receives allows it to supply fighters with laptops, trucks, and ample paychecks, with which recruits can support their families. Disclaimer: This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates.
This does not include information on where the group conducts major attacks or has external influences. However, in , U. IS-KP and the Taliban have fought for control over this district since It is important to note that, throughout , several other groups also attempted to establish IS-KP franchises in other areas of Afghanistan.
However, Khadem was killed in a drone strike on February 9, The Taliban ultimately routed the cell in September However, the Taliban defeated the group in May , when the cell attempted to expand into other areas.
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