It is anticipated that this group will expand as causes of Type 2 become known. Stages range from normoglycaemia to insulin required for survival. It is hoped that the new classification will allow better classification of individuals and lead to fewer therapeutic misjudgements. Comparison of the fasting and the 2-h glucose criteria for diabetes in different Asian cohorts. Diabetologia , 43 , — , DOI: Qiao, Q. The American Diabetes Assocn.
The authors evaluated the effect of diagnostic changes on the prevalence of diabetes and on the choice of subjects diagnosed with diabetes.
Existing epidemiol. Among the 11 population-based studies, the new fasting glucose criteria resulted in an overall redn. Subjects diagnosed as diabetic based only on the 2-h glucose criteria were, on av. The fasting and the 2-h glucose criteria diagnose different groups of subjects. It would therefore be inappropriate to use the fasting glucose criteria alone for screening diabetes in Asian populations. Epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in a Chinese adult population: the Shanghai Diabetes Studies, a cross-sectional 3-year follow-up study in Shanghai urban communities.
Diabetologia , 50 , — , DOI: During , 2, subjects were followed up. All the participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical analyses and a g OGTT. More than two in five cases with diabetes were undiagnosed. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes and IGR increased with age. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates of diabetes and IGR were 4. A large proportion of cases are undiagnosed. We strongly recommend that population-based diabetes screening programmes should be implemented and generalised for younger people.
Glycated haemoglobin A1c for diagnosing diabetes in Chinese population: cross sectional epidemiological survey. Non-lab and semi-lab algorithms for screening undiagnosed diabetes: A cross-sectional study.
A high efficiency and cost-effective early recognition method is urgently needed. We aimed to generate innovative, user-friendly nomograms that can be applied for diabetes screening in different ethnic groups in China using the non-lab or noninvasive semi-lab data. METHODS: This multicenter, multi-ethnic, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight sites in China by enrolling subjects aged Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics were collected.
Blood and urine samples were obtained 2 h following a standard 75 g glucose solution. Nomograms were developed by the stepwise binary logistic regression. The nomograms were validated internally by a bootstrap sampling method in the model development set and externally in the model validation set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve AUC was used to assess the screening performance of the nomograms. Decision curve analysis was applied to calculate the net benefit of the screening model.
The non-lab model revealed that gender, age, body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, ethnicities, vegetable daily consumption and family history of diabetes were independent risk factors for diabetes.
By adding 2 h post meal glycosuria qualitative to the non-lab model, the semi-lab model showed an improved Akaike information criterion AIC: to The AUC of the semi-lab model was statistically larger than the non-lab model 0. The optimal cutoff probability in semi-lab and non-lab nomograms were 0. The sensitivity and specificity were However, the semi-lab model outperformed the non-lab model and NCDRS prediction systems and might be worth being adopted as decision support in diabetes screening in China.
Renal threshold for glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Measurement of glycosuria is still widely used for home monitoring of glycemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes NIDDM. This method has been criticized because the renal threshold for glucose RTglu varies between subjects. RTglu estd. H-RTglu and c-RTglu, being 7.
RTglu detected by home monitored urine and blood glucose detns. However, the method for detection of RTglu used by us seems of clin. Oxford University Press. The purpose of this study was to investigate renal glucose excretion as a function of blood glucose concn. Twenty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes [age 58 12 years, diabetes duration 7 6 years, endogenous creatinine clearance 38 mL min-1 1.
Starting from an initial blood glucose level of That is, blood glucose was either stepwise decreased or increased depending on whether urinary glucose concn.
As expected, increasing the blood glucose from 7. With decreasing blood glucose, a measurable glucosuria persisted up to a blood glucose level of 7. When defining the pseudo threshold for renal glucose excretion PRTG as the highest blood glucose level during glucose clamps assocd. The within-subject variability of PRTG, i. Renal glucose excretion increases in a proportional manner with increasing blood glucose. When decreasing blood glucose to euglycemic blood glucose levels, glucosuria persists so that the classical concept of a renal threshold for glucose excretion cannot be upheld in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Comparable efficacy of self-monitoring of quantitative urine glucose with self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycaemic control in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
Lu, J. Aim: To assess whether self-monitoring of quant. Methods: Adults with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes were recruited and randomized into three groups: Group A, self-monitoring with a quant. All patients were followed up for six months, during which identical diabetes care was provided.
At the study conclusion, mean changes in HbA1c from baseline were However, no significant differences between the groups were found. The av. The incidence of hypoglycemia and quality of life scores were similar between the groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that self-monitoring of urine glucose has comparable efficacy on glycemic control, and facilitates better compliance than blood self monitoring, without influencing the quality of life or risk of hypoglycemia.
Construction of highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS nanosensor aimed for the testing of glucose in urine. RSC Adv. Royal Society of Chemistry. A facile, highly sensitive "turn on" surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS nanosensor for the detection of glucose has been developed based on the aggregation of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid 4-MPBA -decorated silver nanoparticles in specific bonding to glucose, which can be used for the clin.
Plain to point network reduced graphene oxide - activated carbon composites decorated with platinum nanoparticles for urine glucose detection. Nature Publishing Group. Platinum nanoparticles PtNP were electrochem. The fabricated biosensor exhibited a good amperometric response to glucose in the detection range from 0.
The glucose sensor exhibited a negligible response to interference and good stability. In addn. These results thus demonstrate that the noble nano-structured electrode with a high surface area and electrocatalytic activity offers great promise for use in urine glucose sensing applications.
A novel screen-printed microfluidic paper-based electrochemical device for detection of glucose and uric acid in urine. Microdevices , 18 , 92 , DOI: Biomedical microdevices , 18 5 , 92 ISSN:.
The fabrication of these devices involved wax screen-printing, which was simple, low-cost and energy-efficient. The working, counter and reference electrodes were screen-printed using carbon ink on the patterned paper devices. Different printing screens were examined, with a mesh polyester screen yielding the highest quality wax screen-prints.
Our devices were able to detect the analytes of interest in complex real-world biological samples, and have the potential for use in a wide variety of applications. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode for simultaneous detection of oxycodone and codeine in human plasma and urine. Actuators, B , , — , DOI: Elsevier B. A rapid and sensitive electrochem. The morphol. The results indicated that CFCPE remarkably enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode surface towards the oxidn.
The electrochem. The effect of various exptl. At the optimum conditions, the concn. High stability, high sensitivity, and low detection limit made the proposed electrode applicable for the anal.
American Chemical Society. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 is known as a key mol. Therefore, being able to selectively and sensitively detect H2O2 is not only important in monitoring, estg. Our probe quantifies both exogenous and endogenous H2O2 levels in living cells and can further be coupled with glucose oxidase GOx to achieve quant.
Nanomaterials , 8 , , DOI: Herein we utilized coordination interactions to prep. Subsequently, the [email protected] NPs were decorated with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid 4-MPBA to specifically recognize glucose by esterification, and a detection limit as low as M was achieved. Notably, an enhanced linearity for the quant. Finally, the practical applicability of the developed sensing platform was demonstrated by the detection of glucose in urine with acceptable specificity.
Jilin University. A surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS sensing approach for urine glucose was developed based on the laminar flow technol.
Thus, the quant. SERS detection of glucose was achieved indirectly. No sample pretreatment and sepn. This method shows a good linear relationship within human body's normal physiol. The lowest detection concn. The calibration of cellphone camera-based colorimetric sensor array and its application in the determination of glucose in urine. In this work, a novel approach that can calibrate the colors obtained with a cellphone camera was proposed for the colorimetric sensor array.
The variations of ambient light conditions, imaging positions and even cellphone brands could all be compensated via taking the black and white backgrounds of the sensor array as refs. The proposed calibration approach was successfully applied to the detection of glucose in urine by a colorimetric sensor array.
Snapshots of the glucose sensor array by a cellphone camera were calibrated by the proposed compensation method and the urine samples at different glucose concns.
Nanostructured silver fabric as a free-standing NanoZyme for colorimetric detection of glucose in urine. Karim, Md. This work, for the first time, shows the ability of Ag nanoparticles embedded within the 3D matrix of a cotton fabric to act as a free-standing peroxidase-mimic NanoZyme for the rapid detection of glucose in complex biol.
The use of cotton fabric as a template not only allows high no. This, in turn, brings the target mol. Based on these unique characteristics, nanostructured silver fabrics offer remarkable promise for the detection of glucose and other biomols. Visual detection of glucose based on quantum dots aerogel in microfluidic chips. Methods , 10 , — , DOI: In this study, we demonstrated a new optical glucose microfluidic sensor based on quantum dots QDs aerogels and glucose oxidase GOx for rapid, low-cost and quant.
The combination of QDs-GOx based aerogels and microfluidic chips was first investigated and compared with other sensors, providing new insights into the design of a microfluidic system toward the detection of glucose.
Quantum dot-modified paper-based assay for glucose screening. Acta , , — , DOI: Springer-Verlag GmbH. The article describes a simple optical assay for glucose.
Circular paper sheets were uniformly loaded with Q-dots and then displayed strong fluorescence under a UV lamp nm excitation. The action of GOx causes the prodn.
To obtain a reading, the paper sheets were photographed under nm excitation using a digital camera. Several parameters, including the amt. The paper-based assay showed a sigmoidal-shaped response with respect to the glucose concn. Paper-based fluorescent sensor via aggregation induced emission fluorogen for facile and sensitive visual detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 , an important reactive oxygen species ROS , is related to the oxidative stress in organisms, and plays important roles in a variety of cellular activities as well.
So it is of crucial importance to develop sensitive and accurate sensing strategies to detect H2O2 in biol. Herein, by taking advantage of the unique emission characteristics of aggregation induced emission AIE fluorogens, we proposed a non-enzymic fluorescence platform for facile and sensitive detection of H2O2, both in soln. The limit of detection LOD of 10 nM in soln. Moreover, by integrating glucose oxidase with the AIE fluorogen of TPE-M-L, highly sensitive and selective glucose detection was also conveniently achieved both in soln.
The as-proposed sensing strategy was also successfully applied to assay glucose in human serum samples. Therefore, the paper-based fluorescence sensor exhibits the advantages of simple fabrication, high sensitivity and portability, and has great potential to be applied in on-site assay of H2O2 and glucose in real samples.
Dyes Pigm. To develop a highly sensitive colorimetric detection method for the diabetes early diagnosis by detg. In this paper, novel artificial enzyme mimics were formed by loading bimetallic nanoparticle Fe-Pd on the surface of reduced graphene rGO. Most important, the color difference along with the increase of urine glucose concn. The findings in this study provide a promising alternative for the early screening and diagnosis of diabetes.
Paper-based microfluidic devices for glucose assays employing a metal-organic framework MOF. Acta , , 74 — 80 , DOI: Ilacas, Grenalynn C. This paper describes the development of two microfluidic paper-based anal. The well-based platform consisted of laminate sheets and multiple layers of wax-printed chromatog. The LFA platform consisted of chromatog. The devices were then dried, scanned, and analyzed yielding a correlation between av.
The development of these devices employing MOFs as biomimetic catalysts should further expand the applications of microfluidic technologies for sensors a variety of analytes. Microdevices , 21 , 48 , DOI: Biomedical microdevices , 21 3 , 48 ISSN:. Firstly, a hydrophobic boundary was created by wax printing on chromatography paper. Polyethylene glycol PEG was mixed with the bienzymatic solution to act as an enzyme stabilizer, forming the printable ink.
The detectable glucose concentration was in a clinically relevant range from 0. The limit of detection LOD was achieved at 0. In addition, a smartphone application was developed for in situ colorimetric image processing, and the colorimetric analysis results were compared with those from the use of a scanner followed by processing using ImageJ.
Furthermore, the development of this ink printing method also provides a point of care POC platform for other substances detection purposes. Cellulose , 26 , — , DOI: Development of wearable devices for in situ monitoring biol.
The oxygen plasma was applied to tailor the wicking property of the cotton thread. The as-prepd. This work may provide a low-cost, easy to use wearable device based on the cotton thread and filter paper for human sweat anal. Colorimetric detection of glucose using lanthanum-incorporated MCM Jabariyan, Shaghayegh; Zanjanchi, Mohammad A. In this study, lanthanum-contg. As prepd. The quant. The prepd. La-MCM provided high intrinsic peroxidase-like activity in the presence of peroxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine TMB and H2O2 for accurate detn.
This process produced a blue color in aq. The effect of different parameters such as the content of incorporated lanthanum, pH, temp. These results are comparable close to or better than some previous reports.
Thus, La-MCM can be used as admirable alternative design for colorimetric sensing of glucose. Nano Lett. Hu, Tao; Isaacoff, Benjamin P. Chiral nanostructures exhibit strong coupling to the spin angular momentum of incident photons. The integration of metal nanostructures with semiconductor nanoparticles NPs to form hybrid plasmon-exciton nanoscale assemblies can potentially lead to plasmon-induced optical activity and unusual chiroptical properties of plasmon-exciton states.
The geometry of this new type of self-limited nanoscale superstructures depends on the molar ratio between NRs and NPs. The SPs based on NR dimers exhibit strong optical rotatory activity assocd. The preference for a specific nanoscale enantiomer is attributed to the chiral interactions between CdTe NP in the shell. The SPs based on single NRs also yield surprising chiroptical activity at the frequency of the longitudinal mode of NRs.
Numerical simulations reveal that the origin of this chiroptical band is the cross talk between the longitudinal and the transverse plasmon modes, which makes both of them coupled with the NP excitonic state.
The chiral SP NR-NP assemblies combine the optical properties of excitons and plasmons that are essential for chiral sensing, chiroptical memory, and chiral catalysis. Small , 2 , — , DOI: A novel one-pot aq. A series of CdTe nanocrystal composites with interesting 1D and 3D superstructures - 1 D nanowires and 3D microhexagonal columns - were obtained by incorporating the CdTe nanocrystals into locally created cystine materials. The shape of the CdTe-cystine nanocomposites was easily controlled without any template.
The luminescent nanocomposites can be located at different places on a substrate using a nanomanipulator and have potential applications in optical devices. Glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots for the sensitive detection of glucose. Talanta , 77 , — , DOI: The detection conditions consisting of reaction time, the concn.
The detection limit was almost a times lower than other QDs-based optical glucose sensing systems. The developed glucose detection system was simple and facile with no need of complicated enzyme immobilization and modification of QDs. Fast synthesis of fluorescent [email protected] nanoparticles with reusability in detection of H2O2.
B , 3 , — , DOI: The [email protected] NPs could be used for the rapid detection of H2O2 with good sensitivity within several minutes. Excellent linear relationships existed between the quenching degrees of the [email protected] NPs and the concn. Furthermore, it was proved that [email protected] NPs could be used repeatedly for H2O2 detection due to their easy sepn.
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